Introduction to Jordan

Jordan, officially known as the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country located in the heart of the Middle East. It is bordered by Syria to the north, Iraq to the northeast, Saudi Arabia to the south and southeast, and Palestine and Israel to the west. The country covers an area of approximately 89,342 square kilometers and boasts a diverse landscape that includes deserts, mountains, and fertile valleys. Jordan is renowned for its rich history and cultural heritage, with numerous archaeological sites that date back thousands of years, including the iconic city of Petra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The capital city, Amman, serves as the political, economic, and cultural center of Jordan. With a population of around 10 million people, Jordan is home to a mix of ethnicities and cultures. The majority of its inhabitants are Arab, with significant communities of Palestinians and Bedouins. The country has a relatively young population, with a median age of about 22 years. Despite its small size, Jordan plays a significant role in regional politics and has been recognized for its efforts in promoting peace and stability in a tumultuous region.

Explore Jordan

• Common Misconceptions – Jordan
• Currency Guide – Jordan
• Jordan [Country Info]
• Top 50 Things To Do In Jordan

History of Jordan

Jordan’s history is as complex as its geography. The region has been inhabited since prehistoric times, with archaeological evidence suggesting human activity dating back approximately 1.5 million years. Throughout history, Jordan has been home to several ancient civilizations including the Ammonites, Moabites, and Edomites. The area later became part of the Nabataean Kingdom, which is famous for its rock-cut architecture in Petra.

In biblical times, Jordan was significant as it encompassed regions such as Gilead and Moab. The Jordan River holds great importance in Christian tradition as it is believed to be the site where Jesus was baptized. After centuries of foreign rule—including Roman and Byzantine empires—Jordan became part of the Ottoman Empire until its dissolution after World War I. Following this period, it was established as a British mandate until gaining independence in 1946.

Since independence, Jordan has faced numerous challenges but has maintained relative stability compared to its neighbors. It has absorbed waves of refugees from conflicts in Palestine and Iraq and has played a crucial role in peace negotiations in the region.

Landscapes of Jordan

Jordan’s landscapes are incredibly diverse, ranging from arid deserts to lush valleys. The country can be divided into three main geographical regions: the desert plateau in the east, the highlands in the center, and the Jordan Valley in the west.

Desert Regions: The eastern part of Jordan is dominated by desert landscapes that form part of the larger Arabian Desert. These areas are characterized by vast stretches of sand dunes and rocky plateaus. Wadi Rum, also known as the Valley of the Moon, is one of the most famous desert landscapes in Jordan. It features stunning sandstone mountains and unique rock formations that attract adventure seekers for hiking and rock climbing.

Highlands: The central highlands are marked by rugged terrain and steep escarpments that rise sharply from the surrounding plains. This region includes Mount Ramm, which at 1,754 meters is Jordan’s highest peak. The uplands are also home to several important archaeological sites and traditional villages.

Jordan Valley: To the west lies the fertile Jordan Valley which runs along the banks of the Jordan River. This area benefits from more rainfall compared to other parts of the country and supports agriculture with crops such as olives and citrus fruits. The Dead Sea, located at the lowest point on Earth (approximately 430 meters below sea level), is also situated here and is famous for its mineral-rich waters.

Tourism in Jordan

Jordan is a treasure trove for tourists seeking history, adventure, or relaxation. The country offers an array of attractions that cater to diverse interests:

• Petra: Often referred to as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World, Petra is an ancient city carved into rose-red cliffs by the Nabataeans over 2,000 years ago.
• Wadi Rum: This stunning desert landscape offers opportunities for hiking, rock climbing, and jeep tours amidst breathtaking scenery.
• Dead Sea: Known for its unique buoyancy due to high salinity and therapeutic properties, visitors flock here for relaxation and wellness treatments.
• Jerash: One of the best-preserved Roman cities outside Italy; visitors can explore ancient theaters, temples, and colonnaded streets.
• Amman: The capital city itself offers a mix of modernity and history with attractions like the Citadel and Roman Theater.

Tourism plays an essential role in Jordan’s economy; therefore, efforts are continually made to enhance infrastructure while preserving cultural heritage sites.

Currency Used

The official currency of Jordan is the Jordanian Dinar (JOD). It is subdivided into 1,000 fils. The dinar has been stable since its introduction in 1950 and is widely accepted throughout the country. ATMs are available in urban areas for easy access to cash withdrawals using international debit or credit cards.

See Currency Guide For Travelers To Jordan

Also see World Currency Guide

Travel Safety

Jordan is considered one of the safest countries in the Middle East for travelers. The government places a high priority on security measures to ensure visitor safety. However, like any destination, travelers are advised to stay informed about local conditions:

• General Safety: Petty crime such as pickpocketing can occur; therefore maintaining vigilance is recommended.
• Travel Advisories: Always check travel advisories from your government before planning your trip.
• Cultural Sensitivity: Respect local customs and traditions; dress modestly when visiting religious sites.

Emergency Phone Numbers

In case of emergencies while traveling in Jordan:

• Police: 191
• Ambulance: 193
• Fire Department: 199
• Tourist Police: 065746888

These numbers can be dialed directly without any additional codes.

Top 20 Cities in Jordan

1. Amman
2. Zarqa
3. Irbid
4. Aqaba
5. Madaba
6. Karak
7. Jerash
8. Salt
9. Mafraq
10. Tafila
11. Al-Karak
12. Ajloun
13. Russeifa
14. Al-Salt
15. Al-Mafraq
16. Al-Jafr
17. Qasr al-Hallabat
18. Al-Qasr
19. Wadi Musa (Petra)
20. Suwayma

Ten Interesting Facts About Jordan

1. Petra’s Significance: Petra was once a thriving trade hub known as “the Rose City” due to its pink sandstone cliffs.
2. Lowest Point on Earth: The Dead Sea is not only famous for its salinity but also holds the title for being Earth’s lowest elevation on land.
3. Cultural Melting Pot: Over half of Jordan’s population consists of Palestinian refugees who have shaped its culture.
4. UNESCO Sites: Jordan boasts six UNESCO World Heritage Sites including Petra and Wadi Rum.
5. Historical Crossroads: Due to its strategic location, many ancient trade routes passed through what is now modern-day Jordan.
6. Biodiversity Hotspot: Despite being predominantly desert, Jordan features diverse ecosystems including forests in northern regions.
7. Hospitality Culture: Jordanians are known for their hospitality; it’s common for locals to invite visitors for tea or meals.
8. Home to Bedouins: Traditional Bedouin tribes still inhabit parts of Jordan’s deserts maintaining their nomadic lifestyle.
9. Ancient Ruins: Jerash contains some of the best-preserved Roman ruins outside Italy.
10. Political Stability: Compared to neighboring countries in conflict zones, Jordan remains relatively stable politically.

Customs and Norms in Jordan

Understanding local customs is crucial when visiting Jordan as it helps foster respect between visitors and locals:

• Dress Code: Modesty is valued; both men and women should dress conservatively especially when visiting religious sites or rural areas.
• Dining Etiquette: When invited into a home, it’s customary to remove shoes at the entrance; guests may be offered coffee or tea as a sign of hospitality.
• Public Behavior: Public displays of affection are frowned upon; maintaining respectful behavior towards others is essential.
• Greetings: A handshake is common among men; however women may prefer less physical contact unless initiated by them.

Understanding these norms will enrich your travel experience while ensuring you navigate social interactions gracefully within this culturally rich nation.

Jordan stands out not only for its historical significance but also for its stunning landscapes and warm hospitality—making it an unforgettable destination for travelers seeking adventure or tranquility alike.

External Resources:

• World Factbook – Jordan: https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/jordan/
• Wiki Travel – Jordan: https://wikitravel.org/en/Jordan
• State Travel Advisory – Jordan: https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories/jordan-travel-advisory.html