Things to know about Moldova before your next travel
Located between Romania and Ukraine, Moldova is a small but captivating country that often flies under the radar of most travelers. This hidden gem in Eastern Europe offers a unique blend of rich history, diverse landscapes, and warm hospitality that’s sure to enchant any visitor. From its rolling hills covered in lush vineyards to its Soviet-era architecture and traditional villages, Moldova presents a fascinating mix of old and new that’s just waiting to be explored. In this article we will talk about everything you need to know about Moldova before your next travel to this European country.
Where is Moldova located?
Moldova is situated in southeastern Europe, landlocked between Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. With a total area of 33,851 square kilometers, it’s slightly larger than Belgium but smaller than Switzerland. The country’s location at the crossroads of Eastern and Western Europe has significantly influenced its culture, history, and geopolitical importance throughout the centuries.
Explore Moldova
A Journey Through Time: Moldova’s Rich History
Moldova’s history is a tapestry woven with the threads of various empires and cultures. The region has been inhabited since ancient times, with evidence of Neolithic settlements dating back to 5000 BCE. Over the centuries, it has been part of the Roman Empire, the Principality of Moldavia, the Ottoman Empire, and the Russian Empire.
In the 20th century, Moldova’s fate was closely tied to the tumultuous events of World War I and II. After the Russian Revolution, it briefly gained independence before being incorporated into Romania. Following World War II, it became part of the Soviet Union as the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic. Finally, on August 27, 1991, Moldova declared its independence, marking the beginning of its journey as a modern nation-state.
Today, Moldova continues to navigate its path between East and West, balancing its historical ties with Russia and its aspirations for closer integration with the European Union.
A Land of Diverse Landscapes
Despite its small size, Moldova boasts a surprisingly diverse landscape that captivates nature lovers and outdoor enthusiasts alike. The country is characterized by gently rolling hills, picturesque valleys, and numerous rivers and streams that crisscross the terrain.
In the north, you’ll find the Moldavian Plateau, known for its fertile black soil that supports the country’s agricultural sector. The central region is dominated by the Codri, a hilly area covered in dense forests that serve as a haven for wildlife. To the south, the landscape transitions into the Bugeac Plain, where vast steppes stretch as far as the eye can see.
One of Moldova’s most striking natural features is the Dniester River, which forms much of the country’s eastern border with Ukraine. Its winding course has carved dramatic limestone cliffs and created picturesque gorges that offer breathtaking views and excellent hiking opportunities.
Geographical Regions
Moldova can be divided into three main geographical regions:
- The Northern Moldavian Plateau: Characterized by rolling hills and fertile farmland, this region is the country’s agricultural heartland.
- The Central Moldavian Plateau (Codri): This forested, hilly region is home to some of Moldova’s most beautiful landscapes and important nature reserves.
- The Southern Moldavian Plain: A flat to gently undulating region that extends to the Black Sea coast, known for its steppes and agricultural lands.
Tourism: Discovering Moldova’s Hidden Treasures
While Moldova may not be on every traveler’s radar, those who venture here are rewarded with unique experiences and authentic encounters. The capital city, Chișinău, serves as an excellent base for exploring the country, offering a mix of Soviet-era architecture, modern amenities, and vibrant cultural scene.
One of Moldova’s crown jewels is its wine industry. The country boasts some of the largest wine cellars in the world, including the famous Mileștii Mici, which holds a Guinness World Record for its extensive wine collection. Wine tours and tastings are a must for any visitor.
History buffs will be enthralled by sites like Orheiul Vechi, an open-air archaeological complex featuring ruins from various historical periods, including a medieval cave monastery. The breakaway region of Transnistria, with its Soviet-style streets and monuments, offers a unique glimpse into a place seemingly frozen in time.
Nature lovers can explore the country’s unspoiled landscapes in its national parks and nature reserves, such as Codrii Natural Reserve or Padurea Domneasca Natural Reserve.
A Taste of Moldova: Culinary Delights
Moldovan cuisine is a delightful fusion of Romanian, Ukrainian, and Russian influences, with a dash of Balkan flavors thrown in for good measure. The country’s fertile soil and favorable climate contribute to an abundance of fresh fruits and vegetables, which feature prominently in many dishes.
One of the most iconic Moldovan dishes is mămăligă, a cornmeal porridge often served with sour cream, cheese, and meat. Other must-try specialties include sarmale (stuffed cabbage or grape leaves), plăcinte (savory or sweet pastries), and zeamă (a hearty chicken soup). For those with a sweet tooth, don’t miss the chance to try cozonac, a sweet bread traditionally made for holidays and special occasions.
Of course, no culinary journey through Moldova would be complete without sampling its renowned wines. The country’s winemaking tradition dates back thousands of years, and today, Moldova produces a wide variety of excellent wines, from crisp whites to full-bodied reds.
Population and Demographics
As of 2021, Moldova’s population stands at approximately 3.3 million people, making it one of the least populous countries in Europe. However, what it lacks in numbers, it makes up for in diversity. The country is home to a rich tapestry of ethnic groups, each contributing to Moldova’s unique cultural landscape.
The majority of the population (about 75%) identifies as ethnic Moldovan, which is closely related to Romanian. Other significant ethnic groups include Ukrainians, Russians, Gagauz (a Turkic Christian minority), Bulgarians, and Roma. This diversity is reflected in the country’s vibrant cultural scene, with various festivals and traditions celebrated throughout the year.
Language: A Bridge Between East and West
Language in Moldova is a fascinating and sometimes contentious topic. The official state language is Romanian, which is referred to as “Moldovan” in the constitution. This linguistic distinction is more political than linguistic, as the two are essentially the same language.
Russian also plays a significant role in Moldovan society, serving as an important language of inter-ethnic communication. Many Moldovans, especially in urban areas, are bilingual in Romanian and Russian. Additionally, you may hear Gagauz (a Turkic language), Ukrainian, and Bulgarian spoken in various parts of the country.
For travelers, it’s worth noting that while younger Moldovans often speak some English, it’s less common among older generations. Learning a few basic phrases in Romanian or Russian can go a long way in enhancing your travel experience and connecting with locals.
Travel Safety: Navigating Moldova with Confidence
Moldova is generally a safe country for travelers, with low rates of violent crime. However, as with any destination, it’s important to exercise common sense and take standard precautions. Petty theft can occur in crowded areas or on public transportation, so keep an eye on your belongings and be aware of your surroundings.
When exploring Chișinău or other cities at night, stick to well-lit areas and use reputable taxi services. If you plan to visit Transnistria, be aware that it’s a self-proclaimed state not recognized by the international community. While visits are generally trouble-free, extra caution and awareness are advised.
It’s also worth noting that road conditions can be poor in rural areas, so drive carefully if you’re renting a car. In winter, be prepared for cold temperatures and occasional heavy snowfall, which can affect travel plans.
Emergency Numbers
- General Emergency: 112
- Police: 902
- Fire: 901
- Ambulance: 903
Currency: Navigating the Moldovan Leu
The official currency of Moldova is the Moldovan Leu (MDL). As of 2025, the exchange rate is approximately 1 USD to 17 MDL, but always check current rates before traveling. ATMs are widely available in cities and larger towns, and many businesses in urban areas accept credit cards.
It’s a good idea to carry some cash, especially when traveling in rural areas or visiting smaller establishments. Currency exchange is available at banks and exchange offices, but be sure to use official channels to avoid potential scams.
Top 20 Cities in Moldova
- Chișinău
- Bălți
- Comrat
- Tiraspol
- Bender
- Ungheni
- Cahul
- Orhei
- Ceadîr-Lunga
- Strășeni
- Căușeni
- Edineț
- Soroca
- Hîncești
- Fălești
- Drochia
- Călărași
- Ialoveni
- Florești
- Rîșcani
Interesting Facts About Moldova
- Moldova is home to the world’s largest wine cellar by number of bottles, Mileștii Mici, with over 2 million bottles.
- The country is shaped like a bunch of grapes, fitting for its wine-producing reputation.
- Moldova has one of the highest percentages of agricultural land use in the world.
- The traditional Moldovan dance, “Hora,” is performed in a circle and is an important part of social gatherings.
- Chișinău is often called the “City of White Stone” due to its many buildings constructed from white limestone.
- Moldova is one of the least visited countries in Europe, making it a true off-the-beaten-path destination.
- The Moldovan flag features an aurochs, an extinct species of wild cattle.
- Cricova Winery has 120 km of underground tunnels, with streets named after different wines.
- Moldova is home to Gagauzia, an autonomous region with its own unique Turkic language and culture.
- The country has a National Wine Day, celebrated annually on the first weekend of October.
Customs, Norms, and Etiquettes
- Social Interactions:
Moldovans are generally warm and hospitable people. When meeting someone for the first time, a handshake is appropriate. Close friends and family members often greet each other with a kiss on both cheeks. It’s common to be invited to someone’s home for a meal – if this happens, bringing a small gift like flowers or a bottle of wine is appreciated. - Dining Etiquette:
Meals are often social events in Moldova. It’s polite to try a bit of everything offered, as refusing food can be seen as impolite. Toasts are common during meals, especially when alcohol is served. It’s customary to wait for the host to make the first toast. - Dress Code:
Moldovans generally dress conservatively, especially in rural areas. When visiting churches or monasteries, it’s respectful to dress modestly, covering shoulders and knees. - Respect for Elders:
There’s a strong tradition of respecting elders in Moldovan society. It’s common to offer your seat to older people on public transportation and to address them formally. - Gift-Giving:
If you’re invited to a Moldovan home, bringing a gift is customary. Flowers (in odd numbers, as even numbers are associated with funerals), wine, or chocolates are all good options. Avoid giving money as a gift, as this can be seen as inappropriate.
External Resources
- World Factbook – Moldova:
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/moldova/ - Wiki Travel – Moldova:
https://wikitravel.org/en/Moldova - State Travel Advisory – Moldova:
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories/moldova-travel-advisory.html
These external links are provided for convenience and informational purposes only; they do not constitute an endorsement or approval of any products, services, or opinions of the organizations or individuals associated with the external sites. GlobLeo bears no responsibility for the accuracy, legality, or content of these external sites or for any subsequent links. For inquiries regarding the content of external sites, please contact them directly.
