South Korea, officially known as the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a dynamic nation located on the southern half of the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. Bordered by North Korea to the north, the Yellow Sea to the west, the Sea of Japan (East Sea) to the east, and the Korea Strait to the south, South Korea is a country rich in history and culture. With a population of approximately 52 million people, it is known for its rapid economic growth, technological advancements, and vibrant culture that melds traditional values with modern living.

The capital city, Seoul, serves as the political, economic, and cultural heart of the nation. South Korea’s landscape is diverse, featuring bustling urban centers, serene countryside, and mountainous regions that offer breathtaking views. The country has emerged as a global leader in various industries including technology, entertainment (K-pop and cinema), and fashion. South Korea’s commitment to education and innovation has played a crucial role in its development into one of the world’s most advanced economies.

Where is South Korea Located?

South Korea is located in East Asia, occupying the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is bordered by the Yellow Sea to the west, the East China Sea to the south, and the East Sea (Sea of Japan) to the east. 

The country shares a land border with North Korea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), which runs approximately 150 miles (240 km) and roughly follows the 38th parallel

Explore South Korea

• Basic Language Learning Guide for Travelers to Korean Speaking Countries
• Common Misconceptions – South Korea
• Currency Guide – South Korea
• Essential Travel Tips for South Korea
• Geographical Regions of South Korea
• Popular Cities To Visit In South Korea
• Popular Foods In South Korea, Asia
• Popular Museums To Visit In South Korea
• Safety Guide For Travelers To South Korea
• South Korea [Country Info]
• Top 50 Things To Do In South Korea
• Top Historical Places To Visit In South Korea

History of South Korea

The history of South Korea is marked by resilience and transformation. Archaeological evidence suggests that people have inhabited the Korean Peninsula for over 10,000 years. The first known kingdom, Gojoseon (Old Chosun), emerged around 2333 BC but was eventually overthrown by Chinese forces in 108 BC. This led to the establishment of three significant kingdoms: Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla during the Three Kingdoms Period (57 BC – AD 668). Silla ultimately unified the peninsula in 668 AD with support from Tang China.

Following centuries of dynastic rule, including the Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392) and the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910), Korea faced significant external pressures. In 1910, Japan annexed Korea, leading to a harsh colonial period that lasted until Japan’s defeat in World War II in 1945. The subsequent division of Korea into North and South at the end of WWII set the stage for the Korean War (1950-1953), which solidified the split between the two nations. Despite this tumultuous history, South Korea has emerged as a democratic society with a robust economy and vibrant culture.

See Top Historical Places To Visit In South Korea

See Popular Museums To Visit In South Korea

Landscapes of South Korea

South Korea’s geography is characterized by diverse landscapes that range from mountainous terrains to coastal plains. The country is predominantly mountainous, with approximately 70% of its land covered by mountains such as the Taebaek Range and Sobaek Range. Hallasan Mountain on Jeju Island is the highest peak at 1,947 meters (6,388 feet), offering stunning views and unique ecosystems.

Alongside its mountainous regions are beautiful coastlines dotted with sandy beaches and fishing villages. The southern coast features scenic spots like Busan’s Haeundae Beach and Jeju Island’s pristine shores. The country is also home to numerous rivers such as the Han River in Seoul and Nakdong River in Busan, which play vital roles in agriculture and transportation.

Geographical Regions
South Korea can be divided into several geographical regions:

• Northeast Region: Known for its mountains and national parks.
• Southeast Region: Home to major cities like Busan and Ulsan.
• Southwest Region: Features historical sites such as Gyeongju.
• Central Region: Includes Seoul and surrounding areas with urban development.
• Jeju Island: A unique volcanic island known for its natural beauty.

See Geographical Regions Of South Korea

Tourism in South Korea

Tourism in South Korea has flourished over recent years due to its rich cultural heritage, modern attractions, and natural beauty. Key tourist destinations include historic sites such as Gyeongbokgung Palace in Seoul, ancient tombs in Gyeongju, and traditional villages like Bukchon Hanok Village. Additionally, South Korea hosts numerous festivals throughout the year that celebrate its culture, including cherry blossom festivals in spring.

The country also boasts modern attractions like Lotte World Tower—the tallest building in South Korea—and various theme parks such as Everland. For nature enthusiasts, national parks such as Seoraksan National Park offer hiking trails with breathtaking scenery. With efficient public transportation systems like high-speed trains (KTX), exploring South Korea’s diverse regions is convenient for travelers.

See Top Things To Do In South Korea

See Essential Travel Tips For South Korea

Cuisines of South Korea

Korean cuisine is renowned for its bold flavors, diverse ingredients, and vibrant presentation. Central to Korean dining is Kimchi, a fermented vegetable dish made primarily from napa cabbage or radishes seasoned with chili pepper flakes, garlic, ginger, and other spices. Kimchi accompanies almost every meal in Korea and reflects the country’s emphasis on fermentation as a preservation method.

Another staple is Bulgogi, marinated beef grilled or stir-fried to perfection. This dish showcases Korean culinary techniques that emphasize marination for enhanced flavor. Other popular dishes include Bibimbap—a mixed rice dish topped with assorted vegetables—and Tteokbokki, spicy rice cakes often served as street food. The emphasis on fresh ingredients combined with traditional cooking methods makes Korean cuisine both healthy and delicious.

See Popular Foods To Try In South Korea

Population and Demographics

As of 2023, South Korea has an estimated population of approximately 51 million people. The country has one of the highest population densities globally, particularly in urban areas like Seoul where millions reside within limited space. The population growth rate remains relatively low at about 0.24%, influenced by factors such as declining birth rates.

Demographically, South Korea is largely homogeneous with over 96% identifying as ethnically Korean. This homogeneity contributes to a strong national identity centered around shared language (Korean) and cultural practices. However, recent years have seen an increase in multiculturalism due to immigration from various countries.

Language

The official language of South Korea is Korean, which uses a unique script called Hangul developed in the 15th century by King Sejong the Great. Hangul consists of phonetic characters that represent sounds rather than concepts or words—making it relatively easy to learn compared to other writing systems.

While Korean is predominantly spoken across the country, English proficiency has been rising among younger generations due to educational reforms emphasizing foreign language learning. Major cities often feature English signage; however, travelers may find it helpful to learn basic Korean phrases for effective communication.

See Language Guide For Travelers To South Korea

Travel Safety

South Korea is considered one of the safest countries for travelers due to its low crime rates and well-developed infrastructure. Violent crime is rare; however, petty crimes such as pickpocketing can occur in crowded areas or tourist hotspots—hence travelers should remain vigilant with their belongings.

Emergency services are efficient; hospitals are well-equipped with English-speaking staff available in major cities catering to foreign visitors’ needs. Travelers are encouraged to familiarize themselves with local laws and customs to ensure respectful interactions with locals.

Emergency Numbers

• Emergency Rescue (Fire & Ambulance): 119
• Medical Emergency: 119
• Police: 112

See Safety Guide For Visitors To South Korea

Currency Used

The official currency of South Korea is the South Korean Won (KRW) symbolized by ₩. Introduced after World War II in 1945 following Japan’s occupation period, it replaced Japanese yen at par value. The won has undergone several changes since its inception but remains stable today under the management of the Bank of Korea.

Coins are available in denominations of ₩1, ₩5, ₩10, ₩50, ₩100, ₩500 while banknotes come in ₩1,000; ₩5,000; ₩10,000; ₩50,000 denominations. Travelers can easily exchange their currency at banks or authorized exchange counters throughout major cities.

See Currency Guide – South Korea

See World Currencies

Top 20 Cities in South Korea

1. Seoul
2. Busan
3. Incheon
4. Daegu
5. Daejeon
6. Gwangju
7. Ulsan
8. Suwon
9. Changwon
10. Jeonju
11. Cheongju
12. Jeju City
13. Yongin
14. Seongnam
15. Ansan
16. Anyang
17. Bucheon
18. Gimpo
19. Jinju
20. Pyeongtaek

See Popular Cities To Visit In South Korea for more details

Interesting Facts about South Korea

1. Home to one of the world’s fastest internet speeds.
2. Birthplace of K-pop music phenomenon.
3. Hosts more than 20 UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
4. Known for its advanced public transportation system.
5. Has one of the highest literacy rates globally.
6. Features traditional tea houses alongside modern cafes.
7. Celebrates Chuseok—a harvest festival similar to Thanksgiving.
8. Offers unique street food experiences across urban areas.
9. Houses Samsung—one of the largest tech companies worldwide.
10. Famous for its skincare routines and beauty products.

Also Read Common Misconceptions About South Korea and South Korean People

Customs, Norms, and Etiquettes

Greetings

In South Korean culture, greetings are essential for establishing respect and rapport among individuals—especially among elders or superiors where bowing is customary instead of handshakes.

Dining Etiquette

When dining out or invited into someone’s home:

• Wait for elders before starting meals.
• Use both hands when passing items or accepting gifts.
• Do not stick chopsticks upright into rice bowls—this resembles funeral rituals.

Dress Code

While casual attire is acceptable in many settings—business environments typically require formal clothing reflecting professionalism.

Personal Space

Respecting personal space varies culturally; maintaining appropriate distance during conversations signifies respect while excessive closeness may be perceived negatively.

Gift Giving

Gift-giving plays a significant role during holidays or special occasions—common gifts include fruits or traditional sweets wrapped beautifully reflecting thoughtfulness towards recipients.

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External Resources

• World Factbook – South Korea:
  https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/korea-south/
• Wiki Travel – South Korea:
  https://wikitravel.org/en/South_Korea
• State Travel Advisory – South Korea:
  https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories/south-korea-travel-advisory.html

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